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Czech grammar · Level A1

Gender in Czech: můj, moje

Every noun has a gender, and pronouns and adjectives agree with it: můj nový telefon, moje nová kočka, moje nové auto. The last letter usually shows the gender.

QuizContents
Contents
  1. How to tell the gender
  2. Pronouns and adjectives
  3. The plural
  4. Common mistakes
  5. Quiz
  6. FAQ

How to tell the gender

Masculine nouns end in a consonant: bratr, pes, stůl, telefon. Czech distinguishes animate (people, animals: bratr, pes) and inanimate (stůl, dům) masculine — it affects the endings. Feminine nouns end in -a (žena, kočka), -e / -ě (židle, kuchyně) and some consonants (noc, kost, píseň). Neuter nouns end in -o (auto, město), -e (moře, letiště), -í (nádraží, náměstí).

  • To je můj bratr.This is my brother.
  • To je moje kočka.This is my cat.
  • Moje auto je staré.My car is old.

Tip: Words in -e can be feminine or neuter: židle (chair) is feminine, moře (sea) neuter. Learn them with ten / ta / to.

Pronouns and adjectives

Můj, tvůj, svůj, náš, váš and adjectives change for gender. Feminine and neuter have two forms: literary má / mé and everyday moje (for both). Jeho (his), její (her), jejich (their) don’t change for gender. Adjectives in -ý (nový, nová, nové) change; those in -í (moderní) are the same for all genders.

Pronouns by gender (singular)
masc.fem.neut.
mymůjmoje / mámoje / mé
yourtvůjtvoje / tvátvoje / tvé
ournášnašenaše
thistentato
adjectivenový, modernínová, modernínové, moderní
  • Ta kniha je velmi zajímavá.This book is very interesting.
  • To je její bratr.This is her brother.

The plural

In the plural, animate masculine nouns have their own forms: moji (mí) bratři, ti studenti, noví kolegové. The rest take moje (mé): moje sestry, moje stoly, ty knihy, nové domy. Neuter: ta auta, nová auta.

  • Moji rodiče bydlí v Brně.My parents live in Brno.
  • Ty boty jsou nové.These shoes are new.

Common mistakes

The mistakes people make most often — and the right way.

  • Wrong: můj kočka

    Right: moje (má) kočka

    Kočka is feminine.

  • Wrong: ten auto

    Right: to auto

    Auto is neuter.

  • Wrong: jehová sestra

    Right: jeho sestra

    Jeho never changes.

  • Wrong: moderný dům

    Right: moderní dům

    Moderní is the same in every gender.

Noun gender: můj, moje

Quiz

10 questions: choose the right option — the explanation appears straight away.

  1. Question 1

    To je _____ kočka.

  2. Question 2

    To je _____ bratr.

  3. Question 3

    _____ auto je nové.

  4. Question 4

    Mám _____ telefon.

  5. Question 5

    _____ kniha je zajímavá.

  6. Question 6

    Petr má sestru. To je _____ sestra.

  7. Question 7

    Bydlíme v _____ bytě.

  8. Question 8

    To je naše _____ moře.

  9. Question 9

    _____ rodiče bydlí v Praze.

  10. Question 10

    Kde jsou _____ klíče?

Correct: 0 of 10

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FAQ

Didn’t find your answer? Send us a request — we’ll tell you everything.

Má or moje?

Both are correct. Má, mé, tvá, tvé are more literary; moje, tvoje are everyday. Start with moje — it works for feminine and neuter alike.

Why animate and inanimate masculine?

The endings depend on it: vidím bratra but vidím stůl; moji bratři but moje stoly. So note whether a noun means a person or an animal.

What is svůj?

It means “one’s own”, referring to the subject: Petr miluje svou ženu — Petr loves his (own) wife. Jeho ženu would be another man’s wife.

Other topics

All topics50 most common Czech wordsCzech level test

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