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Spanish grammar · Level A2–B1

Imperativo: ¡habla!, ¡no hables!

The imperative is for requests, advice, instructions and orders. In the positive imperative the tú form is the él form of the present (habla, come), vosotros is the infinitive with -d instead of -r (hablad), and usted, ustedes and every negative form come from the subjunctive: no hables, hable usted.

Positive commands

Tú is the third-person singular present (stem changes included: piensa, duerme). Vosotros is the infinitive minus -r plus d. Usted and ustedes are subjunctive forms with the “opposite” vowel (-ar → e, -er / -ir → a). Nosotros (hablemos — “let’s talk”) also comes from the subjunctive.

Positive imperative
To whomhablarcomerescribir
túhablacomeescribe
ustedhablecomaescriba
nosotroshablemoscomamosescribamos
vosotroshabladcomedescribid
ustedeshablencomanescriban
  • Abre la ventana, por favor.Open the window, please.
  • Pase, pase, señora.Come in, come in, madam.
  • Chicos, escuchad con atención.Kids, listen carefully.

Irregular tú commands

Eight common verbs have a short irregular tú form — learn them by heart. Their other forms (usted, vosotros…) follow the rules: tener → ten, tenga, tened.

Irregular tú imperatives
InfinitivetúExample
tenertenTen cuidado.
hacerhazHaz los deberes.
decirdiDi la verdad.
ponerponPon la mesa.
salirsalSal de aquí.
venirvenVen conmigo.
irveVe a casa.
serséSé bueno.

Negative commands

Every negative form is no + subjunctive, including tú and vosotros: habla → no hables, hablad → no habléis, ten → no tengas, ve → no vayas. The upside: no special irregulars — just the regular subjunctive.

  • No corras, que te vas a caer.Don’t run, you’ll fall.
  • No te preocupes.Don’t worry.
  • No digáis nada a nadie.Don’t tell anyone anything.

Pronouns with commands

In positive commands pronouns attach to the end: Dime, dímelo, siéntate. In negative commands they go before the verb as separate words: No me lo digas, no te sientes. When attaching, add a written accent so the stress doesn’t move: di → dímelo, levanta → levántate.

  • Dímelo ya.Tell me now.
  • No me lo digas.Don’t tell me.
  • Siéntese, por favor.Please sit down.

Tip: Reflexive nosotros and vosotros commands drop a letter: levantemos + nos → levantémonos, levantad + os → levantaos.

Common mistakes

The mistakes people make most often — and the right way.

  • Wrong: ¡No habla!

    Right: ¡No hables!

    Negative commands use the subjunctive.

  • Wrong: ¡Tiene cuidado!

    Right: ¡Ten cuidado!

    Tener, tú: ten.

  • Wrong: ¡Me di la verdad!

    Right: ¡Dime la verdad!

    In positive commands the pronoun is attached.

  • Wrong: ¡No dímelo!

    Right: ¡No me lo digas!

    In negative commands: pronouns first, then the subjunctive.

  • Wrong: ¡Hacé los deberes!

    Right: ¡Haz los deberes!

    Hacer, tú: haz (hacé is Argentine vos).

The imperative (imperativo)

Quiz

10 questions: choose the right option — the explanation appears straight away.

  1. Question 1

    _____ la puerta, por favor (tú).

  2. Question 2

    ¡No _____ tan rápido! (tú)

  3. Question 3

    _____ cuidado con el perro (tú).

  4. Question 4

    _____ usted, por favor.

  5. Question 5

    Niños, _____ los deberes (vosotros).

  6. Question 6

    _____ la verdad (tú).

  7. Question 7

    ¡No _____ preocupes!

  8. Question 8

    El libro, _____ (tú, dármelo).

  9. Question 9

    _____ aquí ahora mismo (tú).

  10. Question 10

    No _____ (vosotros) tarde.

Correct: 0 of 10

FAQ

Didn’t find your answer? Send us a request — we’ll tell you everything.

Isn’t the imperative rude?

In Spanish the imperative sounds natural, not rude — especially with por favor: Pásame la sal, por favor. Softer still as a question: ¿Me pasas la sal?

Why are negative commands different?

It’s historical: negative commands take subjunctive forms for every person. Learn the subjunctive and you automatically know the negative imperative.

What about Latin America?

Vosotros isn’t used there: groups are addressed with ustedes — Niños, hagan los deberes. In Argentina and Uruguay vos replaces tú: hablá, comé, vení.

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