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German grammar · Level B1

Genitiv: the German genitive

The genitive answers wessen? — whose? and shows possession: das Auto meines Vaters — my father’s car. Masculine and neuter articles become des, and the noun adds -s or -es. Feminine and plural use der, with no change to the noun. The genitive also follows the prepositions wegen, trotz, während and statt.

Articles and endings

Masculine and neuter: des / eines / meines + a noun ending in -s. One-syllable words and words ending in -s, -ß, -z, -sch usually take -es: des Mannes, des Kindes, des Hauses. Longer words just take -s: des Vaters, des Autos. Feminine and plural use der / einer / meiner, and the noun stays the same.

The genitive in four forms
GenderDefiniteIndefinite / myExample
masculinedeseines / meinesdas Auto des Vaters
neuterdeseines / meinesder Name des Kindes
femininedereiner / meinerdie Tasche der Frau
pluraldermeinerdas Haus meiner Eltern

Tip: Weak (n-declension) nouns take -(e)n instead of -s: des Studenten, des Kunden, des Herrn.

Possession and names

The genitive noun comes after the thing it owns: die Farbe des Hauses. With names it’s the other way round — before the noun, with -s and no apostrophe: Annas Buch, Peters Wohnung. If the name ends in -s, -ß, -x or -z, use an apostrophe: Max’ Fahrrad.

  • Das ist das Zimmer meiner Tochter.This is my daughter’s room.
  • Annas Bruder wohnt in Wien.Anna’s brother lives in Vienna.
  • Die Farbe des Hauses gefällt mir.I like the colour of the house.

Prepositions with the genitive

The most common are wegen (because of), trotz (despite), während (during), statt / anstatt (instead of), innerhalb (within) and außerhalb (outside).

  • Wegen des Regens bleiben wir zu Hause.We’re staying at home because of the rain.
  • Trotz der Kälte gehen wir spazieren.Despite the cold, we’re going for a walk.
  • Während der Woche arbeite ich viel.I work a lot during the week.
  • Statt des Kaffees trinke ich Tee.I drink tea instead of coffee.

The genitive in speech

In everyday speech the possessive genitive is often replaced by von + dative: das Auto von meinem Vater, and you’ll sometimes hear the dative after wegen (wegen dem Regen). But letters, texts and B1 exams expect the genitive.

Common mistakes

The mistakes people make most often — and the right way.

  • Wrong: das Auto der Vater

    Right: das Auto des Vaters

    Masculine: des + -s.

  • Wrong: des Mann

    Right: des Mannes

    The masculine noun takes -es.

  • Wrong: Anna’s Buch

    Right: Annas Buch

    Names take -s with no apostrophe.

  • Wrong: wegen das Wetter

    Right: wegen des Wetters

    wegen takes the genitive.

  • Wrong: während die Woche

    Right: während der Woche

    während + genitive; feminine is der.

The genitive: das Auto des Vaters

Quiz

10 questions: choose the right option — the explanation appears straight away.

  1. Question 1

    Das ist das Auto _____ Vaters.

  2. Question 2

    Die Farbe _____ Hauses gefällt mir.

  3. Question 3

    Das Zimmer _____ Tochter ist klein.

  4. Question 4

    Wegen _____ Regens bleiben wir zu Hause.

  5. Question 5

    Trotz _____ Kälte gehen wir spazieren.

  6. Question 6

    Während _____ Woche arbeite ich viel.

  7. Question 7

    Das ist das Haus _____ Eltern.

  8. Question 8

    Die Tasche _____ Frau ist rot.

  9. Question 9

    Der Name _____ Kindes ist Max.

  10. Question 10

    Statt _____ Kaffees trinke ich Tee.

Correct: 0 of 10

FAQ

Didn’t find your answer? Send us a request — we’ll tell you everything.

Is the genitive dying out?

In conversation it’s often replaced by von + dative, but in writing, the news and exams the genitive is alive and expected.

-s or -es?

-es after -s, -ß, -x, -z, -sch (des Hauses, des Fußes) and often with one-syllable words (des Mannes, des Tages). Otherwise -s (des Lehrers, des Autos).

How do I ask “whose”?

Wessen: Wessen Handy ist das? — Whose phone is this? In speech people more often say Wem gehört das Handy?

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